While sub-chronic exposure to PG/nicotine promote nAChR7-dependent increased levels of different cytokines and chemokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-9, interferon (IFN), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5), the enhanced levels of IL-1, IL-5 and TNF were nAChR7 independent
These organizations know how to use harm reduction principles, person-first language, and lived-experience inclusion when the subject is not nicotine
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Informed consent All participants provide informed consent to take part in the trial
Heating element: A single-use stainless steel metal blade is embedded inside each tobacco plug